Los antiguos pueblos celtas, que habitaban diversas regiones de Irlanda, Inglaterra, Escocia y Francia, solían realizar una fiesta de origen pagano para conmemorar “el final de la cosecha”. Esta celebración tenía lugar a finales de octubre y se le daba el nombre de “Samhain” que en gaélico significa “el final del verano “. Eso se debía a que durante esta celebración se despedían de Lugh, dios del Sol. Asimismo, esta festividad marcaba el momento en que los días se iban haciendo más cortos y las noches más largas. Los antiguos celtas creían que con la llegada de Samhain la frontera entre el mundo terrenal y el mundo de los muertos se estrechaba y los espíritus buenos y malos podían pasar a través de ella por lo que los espíritus de los muertos regresaban a visitar a los mortales. Por eso se cree que el uso de máscaras era para ahuyentar a los espíritus malignos. También se celebraban banquetes en las tumbas de los antepasados familiares. Estos ritos sagrados también tenían un carácter purificador y religioso y la colocación de velas en las ventanas se hacía para ayudar a los muertos a encontrar su camino.
Con la llegada de los romanos la festividad se mezcló con las propias de los invasores como la “fiesta de la cosecha”, celebrada en honor a la diosa Pomona. Posteriormente, los papas Gregorio III y Gregorio IV trataron de suplantar Halloween por la fiesta católica del Día de Todos los Santos que fue trasladada del 13 de mayo al 1 de noviembre.
Cómo el Halloween llega a América del Norte
La festividad de Halloween llega a Estados Unidos y Canadá en el año 1840 a través de los inmigrantes irlandeses, pero no empezó a celebrarse masivamente hasta el año 1921, fecha en la que se celebró el primer desfile de Halloween en Minnesota.
Durante las décadas siguientes la fiesta fue adquiriendo popularidad hasta que en 1970 se produjo su internalización gracias a las series de televisión y al cine. En 1978 se estrenaba “Halloween”, el film de terror de John Carpenter.
Hoy en día Halloween se celebra la noche del 31 de octubre principalmente en el mundo anglosajón: Estados Unidos, Canadá, Irlanda y Reino Unido, con la excepción de Australia y Nueva Zelanda donde la tradición no está tan arraigada. Es una de las noches más importantes para los estadounidenses y canadienses cuyos niños salen a las calles disfrazados de fantasmas, duendes y demonios, para pedir dulces y golosinas a sus vecinos.
En España y América Latina existen tradiciones y celebraciones ese mismo día con idéntico significado de cercanía con el mundo de los muertos. Por ejemplo, en México se celebra con calaveras y la famosa Catrina está presente en la decoración de las casas y locales. Se les rinde homenaje a los fallecidos colocando un altar con fotos y decorado con comida y bebida, preferiblemente la del agrado de los difuntos.
En España y debido existen tradiciones que se relacionan con los espíritus como son las meigas y la Santa Compaña de Galicia. Ya en el siglo XVIII en Asturias los niños pedían comida en las puertas de las casas durante esa noche portando lámparas en sus manos.
En numerosos municipios de Castilla las casas eran decoradas con calabazas a las que le hacían agujeros en su interior para simular una cara, después se introducía dentro de la misma una vela o luz para invocar a los buenos espíritus. En muchos pueblos madrileños la gente se vestía de negro y tocaba la campanilla hasta la madrugada. Además, se llevaban luces a los cementerios para guiar a los muertos y se limpiaban las tumbas de los difuntos.
Se observa entonces como muchas culturas les rinden culto a sus difuntos en este día y los ofrendan y recuerdan. Detrás de las tradiciones siempre hay una bonita historia que contar por eso he querido compartir la de Halloween con mis seguidores.
¡¡Feliz Halloween!!
María Argelia Jaspe Álvarez
Astróloga
www.cafeastrologico.com
@cafeastrologico
Castellón, 31 de octubre de 2024
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